[摘要] 目的 分析居家自我护理干预对哮喘患儿病情、气道功能以及生活质量的影响。 方法 选择2013年12月～2015年12月在自贡市第三人民医院接受治疗的哮喘患儿92例，按随机数字表法将其分为观察组（n=46）及对照组（n=46）。对照组患儿接受常规干预，观察组患儿接受居家自我护理干预，干预6个月后记录哮喘发作次数、每月急诊次数，采用自行设计的儿童哮喘居家护理行为问卷评价自我护理能力，采用支气管舒张试验检测气道功能，采用哮喘患者生活质量调查问卷评估患儿生活质量。 结果 干预后6个月后，观察组患儿的每月发作次数、每月急诊次数少于对照组患儿，自我护理能力评分中日常行为、处理行为、控制行为、监测行为评分均显着高于对照组患者（P<0.05）；观察组患儿的呼气峰流速、1 s用力肺活量、1 s率、最大呼气中段流量、排出25%肺活量后用力呼气量、排出75%肺活量后用力呼气量水平均显着高于对照组患儿（P < 0.05）；观察组患儿生活质量评分中的症状、活动、情感评分均显着高于对照组患者（P < 0.05）。 结论 居家自我护理干预可优化哮喘患儿病情，改善气道功能及生活质量。
[关键词] 哮喘；居家自我护理；气道功能；生活质量
[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2016）11（b）-0158-04
[Abstract] Objective To study the influence of home self nursing on illness condition， airway function and quality of life in asthma children. Methods Ninety-two asthma children in our hospital during December 2013 to December 2015 were randomly divided into observation group （n=46） and control group （n=46）. Patients in control group were treated with routine nursing and those in observation group were given home self nursing intervention. After six months intervention， number of asthma attacks， monthly emergency were recorded， self nursing ability was assessed according to self-designed questionnaire about home care behavior in asthma children， airway function was detected by bronchial dilation test， quality of life was assessed by questionnaire on quality of life in patients with asthma. Results After six months intervention， number of asthma attacks， monthly emergency were less in observation group than those in control group， self-care ability scores such as daily behavior， treatment behavior， control behavior， monitoring behavior were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group （P < (原文来自：wWW.bDFqy.com 千叶 帆文摘:居家自我护理干预对哮喘患儿病情、气道功能及生活质量的影响)0.05）. The PEF， FEV1， FEV1/FVC， MMEF， FEF25 and FEF75 levels were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group （P < 0.05）； quality of life scores such as symptom， activity， emotion were significantly higher in observation grou than those in control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Home self nursing intervention can optimize the ill-condition of asthma children， improve airway function and quality of life.
[Key words] Asthma； Home self nursing； Airway function； Quality of life
哮喘是儿童高发的气道慢性炎症性疾病，常伴随气道高反应性，变应源、环境污染、剧烈运动等均是其促发因素[1]。哮喘反复发作可导致远期气道及肺功能不可逆性损伤，早期采取药物积极控制病情、减少甚至避免发作是临床治疗的原则。哮喘患儿的防治多在院外进行，对于有基本认知能力及行为能力的儿童，除了患儿家属的督导外，应在专业人员指导下提升患儿自我护理行为水平，最终达到根本控制哮喘的目的[2]。目前哮喘患儿的自我护理行为培训仍处于临床空白阶段，可能是导致患儿哮喘反复发作、病情加剧的重要原因之一，本次研究将居家自我护理干预应用于本院哮喘患儿中，重点阐述该护理模式对患儿病情等带来的影响。