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四川省小麦条锈菌耐高温性鉴定及其cDNA文库构建

日期:2018-06-15 20:10:20 浏览次数:

  摘要
  近年条锈菌越夏调查发现,小麦条锈菌耐高温性增强,越夏海拔下限有所降低。本研究通过在高温(21±0.2)℃条件下接种,评价了119个来自四川省的条锈菌菌株耐高温性,并构建了耐高温菌株SCPX143萌发夏孢子的cDNA文库。结果发现来自四川的条锈菌群体中耐高温菌株占35.3%,主要分布在成都市、凉山市、简阳市和广元市。夏孢子萌发率统计分析表明,耐高温菌株在高温条件下比温度敏感菌株具有更高的萌发率。采用SMART技术构建了耐高温菌株萌发夏孢子cDNA文库,库容为2.1×106 cfu,插入片段平均多大于1.0 kb。本研究结果初步明确了四川省小麦条锈菌群体中耐高温菌株组成和分布区域,不同菌株在夏孢子萌发阶段对高温的耐受性存在显着差异,为进一步研究条锈菌耐高温机制奠定基础。
  关键词
  小麦条锈菌;耐高温性;夏孢子萌发率;cDNA文库
  中图分类号:
  S 435.121.42, Q 933
  文献标识码:A
  DOI:10.3969/j.issn.05291542.2016.03.011
  Abstract
  In the oversummering surveys of stripe rust pathogen in recent years, it was found that hightemperature tolerance of the pathogen has been enhanced and the lowest elevation of the oversummering areas declined. In this study, we inoculated stripe rust isolates at high temperature (21±0.2)℃ to assay the hightemperature tolerance of 119 stripe rust isolates from Sichuan Province, and constructed a cDN(本文来自:www.bdFqY.cOM 千 叶帆文 摘:四川省小麦条锈菌耐高温性鉴定及其cDNA文库构建)A library of the germinated urediospores of a hightemperature tolerant strain SCPX143. The results showed that 35.3% of the 119 isolates were hightemperature tolerant, mainly distributed in Chengdu, Liangshan, Jianyang and Guangyuan. In addition, hightemperature tolerant isolates had a higher germination rate under high temperature (21±0.2)℃ than the temperature sensitive ones. SMART technology was used to construct a cDNA library with the germinated urediospores of a hightemperature tolerant isolates. The total capacity of the cDNA library was 2.1×106 cfu, and most insert cDNA fragments were more than 1.0 kb in length. We preliminarily made clear the composition and distribution areas of hightemperature tolerant wheat stripe rust strains from Sichuan, and there was significant difference in hightemperature tolerance of stripe rust strains during urediniospore germination stage. These results will promote the further studies of hightemperature tolerance mechanism of wheat stripe rust pathogen.
  Key words
  wheat stripe rust;high temperature tolerance;urediniospore germination rate;cDNA library
  小麦条锈病是由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)引起的真菌病害,在流行暴发年份能造成严重的产量损失[1]。在大规模种植感病品种的地区,如遇到低温、潮湿的气候条件以及充足的初侵染菌源,极易引起条锈病大规模暴发流行。小麦条锈病是典型的低温病害,但近年来在条锈菌越夏区调查中发现,条锈菌越夏海拔下限逐年下降[2]。甘肃省平凉市夏季最热旬平均温度超过23℃的年份也存在越夏菌源[3]。Milus等发现美国2000年之后的菌株比2000年之前的菌株具有更强的高温适应性,具体表现在潜伏期更短,产孢量更大[4]。另外,张静秋等对我国不同地区条锈菌温度敏感性分析发现存在耐高温菌株[5]。耐高温条锈菌菌株的出现可能对我国未来小麦条锈病的发生、流行危害以及制定相应的防治策略产生深远影响,并带来新的挑战。然而,有关耐高温小麦条锈菌在我国各主要流行区域的分布范围、耐高温性,及其与毒性变异关系和调控机制等尚不清楚。
  构建病原菌cDNA文库是克隆关键基因的基础性工作,已有学者构建了小麦条锈菌吸器、萌发10 h的夏孢子cDNA文库[67],而且目前已完成了小麦条锈菌基因组和转录组测序分析[89],这些基础性工作为研究条锈菌侵染过程中基因克隆、表达及功能验证奠定了基础。本研究分析了来自四川省条锈菌群体中耐高温菌株分布情况,筛选获得了具有耐高温特性的条锈菌菌株,构建了在高温胁迫条件下耐高温菌株萌发的夏孢子cDNA文库并对其质量进行了评价,为克隆与条锈菌耐高温性状相关的基因,揭示其在条锈菌耐高温机制调控中的功能奠定了基础。

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